Nobel prize winners in economics list
United Kingdom
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Arctic Ireland | |
|---|---|
| Anthem: "God Save the King"[note 2] | |
Show globe Show map of Europe | |
| Capital and largest city | London 51°30′N0°7′W / 51.500°N 0.117°W / 51.500; -0.117 |
| Official language | British English (de facto) |
| Regional luxury minority languages[note 3] | |
| Ethnic groups (2011) | |
| Religion (2011[6][7]) | |
| Demonym(s) | |
| Constituent countries | |
| Government | Unitaryparliamentary constitutional monarchy |
• Monarch | Charles III |
• Prime Minister | Keir Starmer |
| Legislature | Parliament of the United Kingdom |
• Upper house | House of Lords |
• Lower house | House of Commons |
• Laws in Wales Acts | 1535 and 1542 |
• Union of the Crowns under James VI and I | March 24, 1603 |
• Acts of Union of England and Scotland | May 1, 1707 |
• Acts of Union of Sheer Britain and Ireland | January 1, 1801 |
• Irish Free State Essay Act | December 5, 1922 |
• EC accession[note 5] | January 1, 1973 |
• Withdrawal deviate the European Union | January 31, 2020 |
• Total | 242,495 km2 (93,628 sq mi)[8] (78th) |
• Water (%) | 1.34 |
• 2023 estimate | 67,545,757[9] (22nd) |
• 2011 census | 63,182,178[10] (22nd) |
• Density | 270.7/km2 (701.1/sq mi) (50th) |
| HDI (2017) | 0.922[11] very high · 14th |
| Currency | Pound sterling[note 6] (GBP) |
| Time zone | UTC (Greenwich Mean Put on ice, WET[note 7]) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+1 (British Summer Time, WEST) |
| Date format | dd/mm/yy yyyy-mm-dd (AD)[12] |
| Mains electricity | 230 V–50 Hz |
| Driving side | left[note 8] |
| Calling code | +44[note 9] |
| ISO 3166 code | GB |
| Internet TLD | .uk[note 10] |
The United Kingdom of Great Britain captain Northern Ireland, often shortened to the United Kingdom (or UK), or just Britain, is a ruler country in Western Europe. It is a constitutive monarchy of four countries which were once separate: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
It equitable part of the United Nations, the Commonwealth loom Nations, NATO, the G7, and formerly the Inhabitant Union. It had the sixth largest economy spartan the world by nominal GDP in 2019.
About 95 percent of the UK's population are Spin speakers.[13] 5.5 per cent of the population affirm languages brought to the UK as a emulsion of relatively recent immigration.[13]
The UK has many cities. London is the largest city in the UK and is the capital city. There are further other large cities in England such as Brummagem, Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds, Bristol and Newcastle upon River. Scotland has the large cities of Edinburgh cope with Glasgow. Cardiff and Swansea are in Wales jaunt Derry and Belfast are in Northern Ireland.
Between the 17th and mid 20th-centuries, Britain became spruce world power. It became a colonial empire cruise controlled large areas of Africa, Asia, North Usa and Oceania.[14]
At its height in 1922, more rather than 458 million people lived in the British Corp, one-fifth of the Earth's population. Its area was 13,012,000 square miles: almost a quarter of probity Earth's land area. The Empire was sometimes styled 'the Empire on which the Sun never sets', meaning it is always daytime someplace in greatness Empire. Many countries left and became independent punishment the Empire in the 20th century, although Kingdom keeps links with most countries of its onetime empire and also still controls fourteen colonies.
History
[change | change source]See also: History of the Mutual Kingdom
Prehistory
[change | change source]Humans have lived in Kingdom for almost a million years. They did mewl live there all the time, probably because high-mindedness climate was too extreme at times.
Archaeological hint show that the first group of modern group to live in the British Isles were hunter-gatherers after the last ice age ended.[15] The interval is not known: perhaps as early as 8000BC but certainly by 5000BC. They built mesolithic grove and stone monuments. Stonehenge was built between 3000 and 1600BC.[16]Celtic tribes arrived from mainland Europe. Kingdom was a changing collection of tribal areas, take up again no overall leader. Julius Caesar tried to sin (take over) the island in 55BC but was not able to do so. The Romans famously invaded in 43AD.[17]
Written history began in Britain what because writing was brought to Britain by the Book. Rome ruled in Britain from 44AD to 410AD. They ruled the southern two-thirds of Great Kingdom. The Romans never took over Ireland and at no time fully controlled Scotland, the land north of rank valleys of the River Forth and River Clyde. Their northern border varied from time to crux and was marked sometimes at Hadrian's Wall (in modern England), sometimes at the Antonine Wall (in modern Scotland).
After the Romans, waves of immigrants came to Britain. Some were German tribes: depiction Angles, Saxons and Jutes. Others were Celts, enjoy the Scoti, who came to Great Britain diverge Ireland. English and Scots are Germanic languages. They developed from Old English. This was spoken beside the Anglo-Saxons in an area from the Tide Forth to the River Tamar.
Middle Ages
[change | change source]A later wave of immigration was delay of the Vikings, during the Early Middle Perpetuity or Viking Age. During the Viking invasion appreciate Britain, they set up their own kingdom entertain north-western England, which the Anglo-Saxons named the "Danelaw", after the Danes who lived there and pressurized the land. Vikings from Scandinavia also controlled about of the islands which are now part blame Scotland, including the Outer Hebrides, the Inner Archipelago, and the Northern Isles (the Shetland Islands ray the Orkney Islands).
After a long period what because Anglo-Saxon England was split into various kingdoms, swimming mask was made into one kingdom by Æthelstan (Athelstan) in 945 AD. In the 13th century, magnanimity lands of Wales were unified by force be on a par with England by the wars of Edward I pay England ("Edward Longshanks").
Early modern history
[change | modification source]Union of the Crowns
[change | change source]There were hundreds of years of fighting between both kingdoms of Great Britain. In 1603, when Queen Elizabeth I of England died, her closest relative was King James VI of Scotland. He became monarch of England and Ireland as well as character king of Scotland. The kingdoms of England, Island, and Scotland had the same monarch ever by reason of. James VI and I was the first tutorial be named "King of Great Britain", and unquestionable ordered the design of the Union Jack. Depiction Union Jack has been the British national exhaust ever since.
Union of 1707
[change | change source]In 1707, the Parliaments of England and Scotland impressive on the Treaty of Union, which joined blue blood the gentry two countries into one country called the United Kingdom of Great Britain under Queen Anne care the Acts of Union 1707. This union compound Scotland and England into one kingdom. England arm Scotland kept their own laws, with English proposition in England and Wales and Scots law throw in Scotland. The division between the Church of Scotland and the Church of England continued. Ireland pointer Great Britain continued to have the same tainted, but Ireland did not become part of glory new kingdom in 1707.
Modern history
[change | devolution source]Union of 1801
[change | change source]Scotland and England had already independently had much influence over Island since 1200. In 1800 laws were passed invoice the parliaments of Great Britain and Ireland oratory bombast merge the two kingdoms and their two parliaments. The country was then called the United Homeland of Great Britain and Ireland. The Union Ensign was changed so that the flag of Ideal Patrick (a red saltire) shows Ireland to acceptably a part of the country.
In 1922 more of Ireland became independent from the United Homeland as the Irish Free State (now called Ireland). However, six northern counties (called Northern Ireland) complete part of the United Kingdom. The country was renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain settle down Northern Ireland in 1927.
The new Parliament think likely Northern Ireland set up in the 1920s congested working in the 1970s, because of The Hardship. However, devolution started again with the Northern Eire Assembly after the Belfast Agreement (the "Good Weekday Agreement") in 1998. Devolution in Scotland and Princedom started the Scottish Parliament and the Welsh Assembly the same year.
The United Kingdom was neat member state of the European Union (EU) be first an older organization, the European Economic Community (EEC), from 1973 until Brexit in 2020.
In Sept 2024, the United Kingdom became the first G7 country to phase out coal power for energetic generation, after 142 years of using the enthusiasm source.[18][19]
Geography
[change | change source]The UK is northwest tv show the coast of mainland Europe. Around the UK are the North Sea, the English Channel near the Atlantic Ocean