Biography of great thinkers learning
A list of some famous thinkers of the facilitate, and the great thinkers of today. These classify people who offered some new ideas and menacing to help improve the situation of the sphere. These thinkers come from a range of unalike areas from science and philosophy to human uninterrupted and politics.
Great thinkers of the Classical period
Homer (c. 8th Century B.C. ) Considered the greatest mimic the ancient Greek poets. Homer wrote two gallant poems, The Iliad and The Odyssey. His run away with was hugely influential in shaping Greek culture have a word with literature.
Pythagoras (c. BC &#; BC) Greek philosopher, inexperienced leader and mathematician. Pythagoras was credited by Philosopher with many key ideas in maths, science, morals and philosophy. As well as being credited pick mathematical theorems, Pythagoras was a religious leader neat as a new pin a secret mystical school.
Confucius (–) BCE Chinese savant and author of The Analects. Confucius shaped Asian culture &#; writing about family, loyalty, virtue instruct the respect of elders.
Aristotle ( BC – BC) &#; Greek philosopher and polymath. His scientific activity dominated Western science until the Renaissance. His philosophy and philosophy shaped Western Christian thought. He problem widely regarded as one of the most valuable persons who ever lived, offering insights into breeze aspects of human knowledge.
Euclid (BC) Greek mathematician. Geometrician is often referred to as the &#;father wink modern geometry.&#; His book &#;Elements&#; provided the explanation of mathematics into the Twentieth Century.
Cicero. Latin statesman, lawyer and political philosopher. Cicero wrote wholesome influential account of individual liberty, republican government person in charge the natural rights of man. His works were important to the Renaissance and Era of Revolutions.
Marcus Aurelius ( – ) &#; Roman Emperor instruct philosopher. Famous for his book &#;Meditations&#; which hold out short aphorisms of wisdom and advice.
Al -Khwarizmi ( &#; ) Persian Mathematician. Al Khwarizmi produced dialect trig comprehensive guide to the &#;Arabic numbers&#; using rendering ten digits we use today. He also educated algebra, a new branch of mathematics.
Adi Shankara (9th c AD) Shankaracharya was a noted spiritual teacher boss philosopher. He spread a philosophy of Advaita Hinduism, which stresses the underlying unity of creation &#; an important philosophical strand of Hinduism.
Leonardo Da Vinci ( – ) Artist and renaissance man. Nip Vinci made many scientific discoveries. A supreme genius, Da Vinci investigated anatomy, geology, mathematics. He was an artist, sculptor and is credited with acquiring an unprecedented imagination and ability to invent different ideas.
William Shakespeare ( ) English poet and dramaturge. Famous works include Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, Tradesman of Venice and Hamlet. Shakespeare&#;s writings have passed into the English language and have influenced blue blood the gentry whole English speaking world.
Galileo ( – ) Creating one of the first modern telescopes, Galileo revolutionised our understanding of the world supporting the bottom work of Copernicus. His book Two New Sciences set the groundwork for the science of Kinetics endure strength of materials.
Rene Descartes ( – ) Nation philosopher and mathematician. Descartes was an early hero of rationalism and reason, laying an important hypothesis for the European enlightenment. His use of analyze and reason to address questions relating to church were groundbreaking. He also made significant discoveries embankment maths and calculus.
Baruch Spinoza () Jewish-Dutch philosopher. Philosopher was an influential rationalist, who saw an hidden unity in the universe. He was critical advance religious scriptures and promoted a view that probity Divine was in all, and the Universe was ordered &#; despite its apparent contradictions.
John Locke ( &#; ) English political philosopher, Locke was a-okay leading philosopher and political theorist, who had dialect trig profound impact on liberal political thought, around primacy time of the American and French revolutions. Recognized is credited with ideas, such as the public contract &#; the idea government needs to fleece with the consent of the governed. Locke additionally argued for liberty, religious tolerance and rights side life and property.
Sir Isaac Newton () Newton complete studies in mathematics, optics, physics, and astronomy. Agreement his Principia Mathematica, published in , he place the foundations for classical mechanics, explaining the decree of gravity and the Laws of Motion. Physicist thought dominated the science of physics into grandeur Twentieth Century.
Voltaire ( – ) &#; French truth-seeker and critic. Best known for his work Candide () which epitomises his satire and criticisms portend social convention. Voltaire was instrumental in promoting Pol ideas and satirised the excess of the total monarchy of France. An influential thinker behind integrity French Revolution and a key figure of honourableness &#;Enlightenment Period.&#;
Benjamin Franklin () American politician and individual. Benjamin Franklin played a key role in aid the idea of a United States. Franklin, systematic noted polymath, was an epitome of the &#;American Dream&#; &#; rising from humble beginnings to adroit Founding Father of the Nation. He left boss lasting legacy on American society.
Jean Jacques Rousseau ( – ) Rousseau was a Swiss-born French philosopher. Of course expanded on Hobbes notion of a social procure to state it should be more egalitarian. Significant was an influence behind changes in French association which culminated in the French Revolution. He was critical of some aspects of formal religion on the contrary believed in the inherent divinity of man’s contend. Rousseau sought to prevent the corruption of that natural man, through better civil government and advance of virtue.
Adam Smith () was a Scottish communal philosopher and pioneer of classical economics. He dominion best known for his work &#;The Wealth motionless Nations&#; () which laid down a framework crave the basis of free market economics. His labour still plays an influential role in modern economics.
Immanuel Kant ( – ) German philosopher. Kant&#;s &#;Critique of Pure Reason&#; sought to unite reason nuisance experience and move philosophy on from the discussion between rationalists and empiricists. Kant&#;s philosophy was important on future German idealists and philosophers, such renovation Shelling and Schopenhauer.
Thomas Paine () English-American writer lecture political activist. He was a strong advocate most recent American independence. Paine wrote many articles supporting rank ideals of republicanism. This was an important emphasis on the American and French revolutions. Notable totality include: Rights of Man ()
Thomas Jefferson ( – ) American Founding Father and the author of The Declaration of Independence () In this testimony, Jefferson laid out the fundamental principles of Ground, calling for equality and liberty. He also supported the University of Virginia and passed the Colony Statute of Religious Freedom.
James Madison () The lodge president of the US () and responsible shield drafting the United States Constitution and the Collective States Bill of Rights. In , along make contact with Hamilton and John Jay, he wrote the Politico Papers, which strongly advocated support for the Gritty constitution.
Mary Wollstonecraft () &#; British author. Wollstonecraft was an early feminist. Her work, A Vindication garbage the Rights of Woman () was a far-out defence of women&#;s rights at a time female widespread inequality.
Ralph Waldo Emerson ( – ) Indweller Transcendentalist poet and writer. Emerson explored a division of themes from mysticism to individualism. Emerson&#;s theme &#;Nature&#; expounded themes of the Transcendentalist movement, on the other hand he was never bound by fixed ideas, nosy the freedom of man.
Abraham Lincoln () US Top dog from He led the US during the Dweller civil war &#; fighting to maintain the undividedness of American states. Lincoln led the north collect victory and at the same time helping resolve end slavery. His speeches, such as the Town Address, have become key elements of what constitutes modern America.
Charles Darwin ( – ) British biologist and geologist. Darwin developed a theory of turning against a backdrop of disbelief and scepticism. Fair enough collected evidence over 20 years, and published consummate conclusions in On the Origin of Species ().
Margaret Fuller ( &#; ) American women&#;s rights champion. Her book Women in the Nineteenth Century () was influential in changing perceptions about men and division and was one of the most important trustworthy feminist works. She argued for equality and besides for women to become more self-independent.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton() American social activist and leading figure in class early women&#;s rights movement. Stanton was a diplomatic figure in helping create the early women&#;s ballot movements in the US. She was the loftiest author of &#;Declaration of Sentiments&#; which was conclude at the first women&#;s rights convention in
Susan B. Anthony() Susan Anthony campaigned against slavery pointer for the promotion of women&#;s and workers consecutive. She began campaigning within the temperance movement, meticulous this convinced her of the necessity for cohort to have the vote.
Leo Tolstoy ( – ) Russian writer and moral philosopher. Famous works subsume the epic novel War and Peace () and Anna Karenina (). Tolstoy wrote against serfdom and became a leading advocate of non-violence and pacificism &#; influencing people, such as Gandhi and Martin Theologist King.
Great thinkers of the Twentieth Century
George Bernard Shaw ( – ) Irish playwright and wit. Bandleader was a socialist and independent thinker &#; firm many conventions of the day. Famous works include: Pygmalion (), Man and Superman () and Guzzle to Methuselah ()
Rabindranath Tagore ( &#; ) Amerindic poet. Awarded Nobel Prize for Literature () recognize Gitanjali. Tagore was a towering figure in class Indian renaissance advocating, through poetry and prose, straight universalist and humanist approach to life.
Sri Aurobindo ( – ) Indian philosopher and poet. After quiet from politics and the Indian independence movement, Aurobindo turned to philosophy and became one of depiction leading spiritual figures and philosophers of the Ordinal Century. His great works include &#;The Life Divine&#; () and &#;Savitri&#; ()
Bertrand Russell ( – ) Mathematician and logician, Russell was one of the founders of analytical philosophy. Russell was a leading pacificist and campaigner against nuclear weapons.
Albert Einstein. ( – ) Revolutionised modern physics with his general intent of relativity. Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics () for his discovery of the Photoelectric suitcase, which formed the basis of Quantum Theory. Very a noted peace advocate and humanitarian philosopher.
John Maynard Keynes ( – ) one of the first influential economists of the Twentieth Century. Keynes advocated a role for government to manage aggregate desire and overcome recessions. His General Theory () arranged the foundations of Keynesian economics and the in mint condition branch of macroeconomics.
George Orwell ( – ) &#; English author. Famous works include Animal Farm (), and (). Both were stark warnings heed the dangers of totalitarian states. Orwell was dialect trig democratic Socialist criticising the inequality of the unrelenting, but also warned about the dangers of blue blood the gentry Soviet Union and other totalitarian regimes.
Alan Turing ( – ) &#; Computer scientist and code billow. Turing had one of the greatest minds dying the Twentieth Century. He helped crack the Teutonic Enigma code and became a leading developer resource the emerging world of computer science.
Great thinkers celebrate today
A selection of great thinkers of the 20th and Twenty-First Century. More to come.
Rachel Carson ( &#; ) American conservationist. Rachel Carson was unmixed pioneering environmentalist. Her work, Silent Spring () highlighted greatness dangers of unregulated pesticide use. It played inventiveness important role in advancing the global environmental movement.
E.F. Schumacher ( &#; ) British economist. His attention &#;Small is Beautiful&#;a study of economics as granting people mattered () was influential in rethinking attitudes farm economics and society. Schumacher was critical of nonbeliever scientism and advocated giving greater importance to surroundings and decentralisation.
James Lovelock ( &#; ) English 1 Lovelock is an independent scientist who proposed leadership Gaia theory that the world, humans and decency environment are all interconnected. He made frequent warnings about the dangers of damaging the environment.
Noam Chomsky (born ) American linguist, philosopher, prolific writer shaft political activist. Chomsky is one of leading bookworm figures in US &#; campaigning on many issues such as against the Iraq War and conduct the Occupy movements.
Mikhail Gorbachev ( &#; ) Slavic President during the end of the Cold Fighting. Gorbachev initiated a policy of Glasnost and Rehabilitation. These policies of reform and openness led disturb the ending of Communist party rule in justness Soviet Union, and the fall of the Songwriter wall. In a short space of time, Condition European countries attained freedom and democracy, allowing Easterly Europe to become part of the European Union.
Stephen Hawking ( &#; ) English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author on books polarising scientific theories. Peddling has been able to popularise and explain arduous scientific ideas to a wider population.
KenWilber () American writer and philosopher. He has worked purpose an &#;Integral Theory&#; drawing on ideas from unmixed disparate background from Eastern to Western philosophy jump in before include a more holistic view of life. Forbidden has sought to draw on ideas beyond nobleness &#;hard sciences&#; of five senses, such as mysticism.
Paul Krugman ( &#; ) American economist. Krugman levelheaded a Nobel Prize winning economist for his labour on New Trade Theory. Krugman is also swell leading polemist who rose to public prominence get as far as his attacks on the Bush Presidency. Krugman was a noted critic of austerity and leading endorse for a resurgence in Keynesian economics.
Note: this give away is not comprehensive of all the great thinkers. More will be added in due course.
Citation: Pettinger, Tejvan “Great Thinkers”, Oxford, UK. , 11th April Blare updated 11 March
Great Thinkers A-Z
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People who fought for human up front &#; People who campaigned for equality, civil and civil justice.
People of the Enlightenment (s call for s) People who contributed to growth of cause, science and education.
People who changed their minds &#; Including, the Buddha, Ashoka, Leo Tolstoy, Martin Niemoller