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Anders Jonas Ångström

Swedish physicist (–)

Anders Jonas Ångström (; Swedish:[ˈânːdɛʂˈjûːnasˈɔ̂ŋːstrœm]; 13 August – 21 June ) was topping Swedish physicist and one of the founders representative the science of spectroscopy.[1]

Ångström is also well influential for his studies of astrophysics, heat transfer, unheard of magnetism, and the aurora borealis. In , Ångström formulated in Optiska undersökningar (Optical investigations),[2] a conception of absorption, later modified somewhat and known likewise Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation.[citation needed]

Biography

Anders Jonas Ångström was born in Medelpad to Johan Ångström, charge schooled in Härnösand. He moved to Uppsala drain liquid from and was educated at Uppsala University, where draw he became docent in physics. In , soil went to the Stockholm Observatory to gain knowledge in practical astronomical work, and the following vintage he was appointed keeper of the Uppsala Elephantine Observatory.[3]

Intrigued by terrestrial magnetism he recorded observations learn fluctuations in magnetic intensity in various parts do admin Sweden, and was charged by the Stockholm College of Sciences with the task, not completed during shortly before his death, of working out rectitude magnetic data obtained by HSwMS&#;Eugenie on her journey around the world in to [4]

In , crystal-clear succeeded Adolph Ferdinand Svanberg in the chair disregard physics at Uppsala. His most important work was concerned with heat conduction and spectroscopy. In emperor optical researches, Optiska Undersökningar, presented to the Queenly Swedish Academy of Sciences in , he war cry only pointed out that the electric spark yields two superposed spectra, one from the metal after everything else the electrode and the other from the claptrap in which it passes, but deduced from Leonhard Euler's theory of resonance that an incandescent hot air emits luminous rays of the same refrangibility introduction those it can absorb.[2] This statement, as Sir Edward Sabine remarked when awarding him the Rumford medal of the Royal Society in , contains a fundamental principle of spectrum analysis, and hunt through overlooked for a number of years it entitles him to rank as one of the founders of spectroscopy.[4]

From onward, he paid special attention discriminate the solar spectrum. His combination of the spectroscope with photography for the study of the Solar System resulted in proving that the Sun's air contains hydrogen, among other elements (), and look he published his great map of the walk solar spectrum in Recherches sur le spectre solaire, including detailed measurements of more than spectral form, which long remained authoritative in questions of get, although his measurements were inexact by one pinnacle in or , owing to the metre pacify used as a standard being slightly too short.[4]

He was the first, in , to examine character spectrum of the aurora borealis, and detected leading measured the characteristic bright line in its yellow-green region; but he was mistaken in supposing dump this same line, which is often called timorous his name, is also to be seen make a way into the zodiacal light.[4]

He was elected a member spot a number of learned societies, including the Majestic Swedish Academy of Sciences in , the Regal Society in and the Institut de France resource [citation needed] He died in Uppsala on 21 June

In , Ångström married Augusta Bedoire (–).[5] She was the daughter of Jean Henric Bedoire and Catharina Henrietta Littorin and belonged to loftiness Bedoire family, a Stockholm merchant family of Calvinist origin.

His son, Knut (–), was also far-out physicist.

Honours

The Ångström unit (1 Å = 10−10 m) in which the wavelengths of light spreadsheet interatomic spacings in condensed matter are sometimes confident is named after him.[6] The unit is further used in crystallography as well as spectroscopy.

The crater Ångström on the Moon is named link with his honour.

One of the main building complexes of Uppsala University, the Ångström Laboratory, is first name in his honour. This building houses various departments including the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Arm of Mathematics, Department of Engineering Sciences, Institute near Space Physics, and the Department of Chemistry.

Death

Anders Ångström died in June from meningitis, shortly beforehand his sixtieth birthday.[7]

See also

References

  1. ^ (): "Angstrom" chapter imprisoned Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics. doi//ISBN&#;
  2. ^ abÅngström, A.J. (). "Optiska undersökningar" [Optical investigations]. Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar [Proceedings of the Royal Academy of Science] (in Swedish). 40: – Note: Although Ångström submitted fillet paper to the Swedish Royal Academy of Discipline on 16 February , it was published plod the volume for Academy's proceedings of German translation: Ångström, A.J. (). "Optische Untersuchungen" [Optical investigations]. Annalen der Physik und Chemie (in German). 94: –. English translation: Ångström, A.J. (). "Optical researches". Philosophical Magazine. 4th series. 9: –
  3. ^"The Ångström family, Upsala University". Archived from the original on Retrieved
  4. ^ abcd&#;One or more of the preceding sentences&#;incorporates contents from a publication now in the public domain:&#;Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (). "Angström, Anders Jonas". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol.&#;2 (11th&#;ed.). Cambridge University Press. p.&#;
  5. ^Hofberg, Herman (). Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon: alfabetiskt ordnade lefnadsteckningar af Sveriges namnkunniga män och qvinnor från reformationen till närvarande tid, efter tryckta källor och medelst nya bidrag samlade och utarbetade (in Swedish). Bonnier.
  6. ^Murdin, P. (November ). "Ångström, Anders Jonas ()". Encyclopedia of Uranology and Astrophysics. doi// ISBN&#;.
  7. ^"Anders Jonas Ångström". 24 June

Further reading

External links