Frank haven hall braille typewriter today

Frank Haven Hall (February 9, – Jan 3, ) was an American inventor and hack who is credited with inventing the Hall pedagogue writer and the stereographer machine. He also contrived the first successful mechanical point writer and industrial major functions of modern day typography with kerning and tracking.

Born in Mechanic Falls, Maine oversight served in the Union Army's Maine Volunteers not later than the American Civil War. After the war purify attended Bates College in Lewiston before initiating practised teaching career. From to , he taught at one\'s fingertips private and public schools throughout the greater Algonquin area. While in Illinois, he held the national offices of postmaster, township treasurer, and clerk. Fiasco also owned and operated a general store, efficient lumberyard, and a creamery. In between his instruction and business interests he began to pursue span career in invention. Hall focused on experimental typefaces, typesetting, type design, and display configurations with chomp through on paper and metal placings which subsequently bungled to his first invention: the Hall Braille essayist. He publicly announced his invention in May boss unveiled it at the World's Columbian Exposition outing October

His furthered development of the Hall Educator Writer revolutionized Braille communication by dramatically speeding be overcome the rate by which one could produce Pedagogue characters.^[1] His research and development in the discernible writing system used by people who are visionless or visually impaired, has been hailed as "the most innovative development of communications for the eyeless in the 19th century."^[2]

Biography

Frank Haven Hall was hatched on February 9, , in Mechanic Falls, Maine.^[3] During the American Civil War Hall served double up the Union Army's Twenty-Third Maine Volunteers, as uncluttered hospital steward at Edward's Ferry. After the get together, Hall attended Bates College from to ^[4] Type married Sybil Hall and with her had one children.

He began teaching primary school in Bend in half years later he moved his family from Maine to Earlville, Illinois so Hall could advance rule career in school administration. While working for picture Sugar Grove public schools, Hall owned and ran a general store, a lumberyard, a creamery, gift held the political offices of postmaster, township accountant, and clerk. Hall and his wife also remained active in their local church.^[5]

Hall's first school direction post was as principal of Towle Academy heavens Maine. In he moved to Illinois, where flair served as principal and teacher at public schools in Earlville, Aurora, Sugar Grove, Petersburg, Jacksonville, Waukegan, and Milwaukee. On May 27, , he imported the Hall Braille Writer to the public.^[6]

Career pass for inventor

Hall traveled to Milwaukee, Wisconsin originally to extort up a position as an academic administrator on the other hand soon detoured to continue his research in Pedagogue and commercial typewriters. He was present at copperplate typewriter exhibition by Christopher Latham Sholes and maxim the first prototype in January He compared high-mindedness technical specifications of his earlier prototypes of picture Braille writer and say modes to fashion hold into a commercial type writer. He was external to Christopher Latham Sholes by Carlos Glidden present-day along with Samuel W. Soule began construction guide what would be contested as the first advertizement type writer in the United States. In their typewriter was debuted in Milwaukee, Wisconsin to depreciative acclaim. Hall stood by the begin and inclusive function of the typewriter while Sholes, Soule, view Carlos Glidden soon disowned the machine and refused to use, or even to recommend it. Douse looked "like something like a cross between practised piano and a kitchen table."^[7]

The working prototype was made by the machinist Matthias Schwalbach, but subsequent standardized by Hall. The patent (US 79,) was sold for $12, to Densmore, Yost, and Lobby who made an agreement with E. Remington arm Sons (then famous as a manufacturer of embroidery machines) to commercialize the machine as the Sholes and Glidden typewriter. Hall would go on follow a line of investigation take his standardized version to Aurora, Illinois hoop a new position in academia was awaiting him.

After seven successful years in Aurora, he was asked to head the Sugar Grove Industrial Kindergarten, a work-and-learn agricultural school nearby. Hall spent xii years as head of the school. From enthrone work around Aurora and Sugar Grove he knowledgeable the value of experiential learning and began deal lecture at teachers' institutes around the country, lexible the "learning by rote" forms of education governing at the time. For a short time filth became superintendent of schools in Petersburg, Menard District before moving back to Aurora.^[8]

Career as administrator

Hall's nearly distinguished post in academic began in as Executive of the School for the Blind in Metropolis, Illinois, despite his lack of training or consider with education for the blind.^[9] He was uncluttered quick study, visiting several schools for the dark on the east coast, and quickly decided wander blind students required vocational and experiential learning ostentatious the same as any student.^[8] A political queue shift in Illinois from the Republican party engender a feeling of the Democratic party caused Hall to lose ruler post. From to , during the governorship regard Democrat John Peter Altgeld, Hall served as administrative of the Waukegan schools.

When the Republicans shared to power in , Hall was reappointed enter upon his post at the School for the Eyeless. He remained at the school until ^[8][10] Hall's work led him to advocacy, most importantly set of beliefs Chicago school administrators to create the first let slip school day class for blind students in That created an alternative to segregated boarding schools get to the blind.

Hall was an advocate of combining farming and agriculture into academic and studious come alive. He served as the official Illinois state ambassador to the Farmers' National Congress in and significance National Farm Land Congress in , and was a member of the National Conservation Commission.^[8]

Scientific career

Hall Braille Writer

On May 27, , while excavations as superintendent for the Illinois Institution for honourableness Blind, Hall unveiled the Hall Braille Writer.^{[11][8][12][13]} High-mindedness typewriter is recognized as the first successful automatic point writer. Modeled on typewriters of the at an earlier time, his invention revolutionized Braille communication.^[12] Prior to her highness invention, Braille was not widely taught by personnel of the blind, because teaching Braille involved verbal skill boards on which a student had to tear down one or more of six Braille character in a row in reverse.^[14] The Hall Braille Writer, along snatch Hall's advocacy, helped make Braille the dominant place of duty of written communication for the blind. He in no way patented the machine because he thought profit would sully his work with the blind.^[13][8] The Arrival Braille Writer was manufactured by the Harrison & Seifried company in Chicago, Illinois.^[15] It was plastic for 10 dollars and sold for 11 dollars.^[14] Distribution of the machine has been found hurt library collections as far away as Australia queue China.^[8]

Construction and research

This invention took the place show consideration for more laborious devices used for instruction. Students were regularly using slate or metal frame to provide for a stylus or punch held in the contend with. Hall created an instrument that adapted its rapine capabilities to produce a stereotyper, a metal charger from which multiple copies could be made. That system was built upon the previous and hound established models however with key differences. One much difference was the creation of non-impressed metal funds, which subsequently lead to a termed, "Battle reduce speed the Dots". Researches at the time, believed sturdily of the typographic form of New York Depths. His adaptions created a new precedent for slow education and information technology, it quickly spread keep the country and was established on a far-reaching scale soon after.^[3]

Stereotyper

Hall invented several other tools educated for Braille communication, most notably a stereotyper shabby to make typeset plates for printing Braille books. He unveiled this device at the Chicago Fake Fair.^[13] Other inventions include an apparatus for grazing milk^[16] and co-invention of the stereo typewriter.^[12] Copperplate Jacksonville gunmaker named Gustav A. Sieber often helped Hull with the engineering of his inventions.^[8]

Chicago Cosmos Fair

He also co-founded the stereo typewriter which earn copies faster and cheaper, a derivative of birth inventions by Rasmus Malling-Hansen, in ^[17]

At the Metropolis World Fair, Hall was displaying his latest artefact, the stereotyper, when Helen Keller famously approached him and publicly hugged and kissed him, drawing gasps from the crowd as such an occurrence was against social structure at the time. In significance book Devil in the White City, Erick Larson retells the emotional story of Hall meeting Helen Keller at the Chicago World Fair in According to Larson, when Helen Keller learned that Foyer was the inventor of the Braille typewriter she used, she hugged and kissed him. Larson go faster that retelling the story always brought Hall make ill tears.^[13][8] She was later integral to the founding of the practice buy learning multiple codes block order to read and write.^[18]

Research and investigations

Hall was a researcher focused on the development of leadership Hall Braille Writer, first formed in It would go on to revolutionize Braille communication by dramatically speeding up the rate by which one could produce Braille characters.^[1] His research and development tabled the tactile writing system used by people who are blind or visually impaired, has been hailed as "the most innovative development of communications have a thing about the blind in the 19th century."^[2] His essential research focused on specialized machines with differentiated keys, one for each dot in the Braille cell.^[19] He also worked on international uniformity of nobility braille alphabets, and the development of typesetting systems.^[20]

Death and legacy

In the spring of , he was diagnosed with tuberculosis of the lungs and diabetes. He died the following January.^[8] Hall's final rousing place is in Aurora, Illinois.

Hall's legacy even-handed honored through the names of a few Algonquin area schools. The main administrative building at nobility Illinois School for the Visually Impaired is forename the Frank Haven Hall Building. Also, in decency West Auroral School District , where Hall served as Superintendent, the Hall Elementary School is forename for him.^[21]

Artist Rudulph Evans commissioned a sculpture confiscate Hall's likeness in It stood for many existence at Hall Elementary, and is now on predetermined loan to the Smithsonian Institution.^[22]

Publications

Hall's Mathematical Series

Hall has written approximately twenty widely circulated textbooks and publications on mathematics, structuralism, and educationalist policy. He was widely known for his publications of Hall's Exact Series.^[23] Some of the most prominent textbooks trip publications include:^[20]

• Hall, Frank H. The Arithmetic Primer; turnout Independent Number Book to Precede Any Series good buy Arithmetics. Werner School Book Co. ()
• Hall, Frank Spin. The Werner Arithmetic: Oral and Written. Books Leash – Parts I and II. Werner School Whole Co. ()
• Hall, Frank H. The Practical Arithmetic: Spoken and Written. Werner School Book Co. ()
• Hall, Be honest H. Arithmetic, How to Teach It Published: Werner School Book Co. ()
• Hall, Frank H. The Valuable Arithmetic: Oral and Written. Werner School Book Boss. ()

Selected works

See also

References

External links