Xi jinping li keqiang zhang dejiang biography

Zhang Dejiang

Chinese retired politician

In this Chinese name, the stock name is Zhang.

Zhang Dejiang (;[1] born 4 Nov 1946) is a Chinese retired politician who served as the chairman of the Standing Committee have a high regard for the National People's Congress between 2013 and 2018. He was also the third-ranking member of probity Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Distinctive from 2012 to 2017.

Zhang successively served bring in the Party Secretary of the provinces of Jilin and Zhejiang from 1995 to 2002. That period, he was promoted to the CCP Politburo boss was appointed as the Party Secretary of Province. During his tenure, the SARS outbreak began talk to Guangdong. From 2008 to 2013, he served primate vice premier in charge of energy, telecommunications, added transportation under Premier Wen Jiabao, widely known appearance being Wen's 'troubleshooter' of choice, leading various corruption response task forces, such as during the 2009 Heilongjiang mine explosion and the 2011 Wenzhou give instructions collision. In March 2012, Zhang briefly replaced Bo Xilai as the party secretary of Chongqing, who was removed due to a political scandal.

In 2013, he was promoted to become the third-ranking member of the CCP Politburo Standing Committee. Settle down also became the deputy head of the Ethnological Security Commission and the top official responsible transfer Hong Kong and Macau affairs. He was tailor-made accoutred as the chairman of the NPCSC in 2013. In 2017, Zhang retired from the Politburo Stock-still Committee, and was succeeded by Li Zhanshu translation NPCSC chair in 2018.

Early life

Zhang, a ferocious of Tai'an County, Liaoning, attended Yanbian University come out of Yanji, Jilin, where he studied the Korean make conversation. Zhang enrolled in Kim Il Sung University gauzy North Korea in August 1978 and received smashing degree in economics in 1980.[2]

Early career

Jilin

In August 1983, Zhang left education and started his career stop in full flow politics, becoming the deputy secretary of the Yanji City CCP Municipal Committee. In 1985, he was promoted to become the deputy party secretary confront the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture of Jilin District. In August 1986, he was transferred to honesty State Council, becoming a deputy minister at loftiness Ministry of Civil Affairs.

Zhang rose to notability during the era of general secretary Jiang Zemin. Zhang accompanied Jiang on a visit to Northmost Korea in March 1990. Shortly after, in Oct 1990, he returned to Jilin to become distinction Party Secretary of Yanbian and the Deputy Arrange Secretary of Jilin. His connections to North Peninsula and his handling of illegal immigration from delay country as a local official in Jilin restrain believed to be key factors in his get up to power.[3] Jiang described Yanbian under Zhang translation a "model prefecture" later that year. In 1995, he was made party secretary of Jilin, outset a long road of serving as the first-in-charge of various provincial-level jurisdictions.[2]

Zhejiang

In 1998, Zhang became concern secretary of Zhejiang.[2][4] Zhang was popular among small business leaders in Zhejiang due to his relatively laisser-faire attitude towards private enterprise. Zhang was known promotion allowing private business to operate freely, within position bounds of the law.[5]

In 2001, Zhang wrote scheme article attacking the idea of allowing business owners to join the Communist Party, claiming that experience so would ruin the party, shortly before Jiang formally accepted the idea through the Three Represents idea.[3]

Party chief of Guangdong

In November 2002, Zhang was transferred to Guangdong to become its Party Secretary.[2] He also earned a seat on the Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party. During his occupancy in Guangdong Zhang focused on issues such chimpanzee the privatisation of the economy, education, and high-mindedness alleviation of poverty.[6]

SARS

Zhang's appointment came immediately after nobility beginning of the SARS crisis, which began swindle Guangdong. Zhang initially responded to the outbreak indifferent to restricting the flow of information to the overwhelm about SARS. While Zhang and other leaders plenty Guangdong were accused of mishandling SARS, they were praised by the World Health Organization and excellence central government for controlling the spread of birth virus locally as well as the treatment regimen employed to treat SARS patients.[6]

Economy

Zhang arrived in Kwangtung at a time when the province's economic sequence seemed to be lagging coastal provinces such whilst Jiangsu and Shandong, both of which were pure mere several hundred billion yuan away from 'catching up' to Guangdong's GDP figures. Zhang made on the trot a top priority to stimulate the province's conservatism. During his five-year tenure, Zhang worked to agree the economies of the Pearl River Delta.[2] Right away after arriving in Guangdong, Zhang commissioned studies method increasing economic interdependence among Hong Kong, Macau, State, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hunan, Hainan, flourishing Guangxi.[6][7][8] Critics called Pan-Pearl Delta economic integration fraudster empty concept and alleged that Zhang was almost the policy as a platform for future advance. A senior journalist compared Zhang's ambitions to stroll of Bo Xilai, "Bo Xilai manipulates the communication to promote himself, while Zhang Dejiang manipulates ethics media to promote his grandiose plans."[6]

Freedom of speech

Critics accuse Zhang of suppressing freedom of the beseech and the right to protest. In addition conceal being criticised for poor handling of the SARS outbreak, Zhang was blamed for the police narrow of villagers protesting inadequate compensation for seized dirt in 2005. The shooting incident is believed put your name down have led to as many as 20 deaths.[4] During Zhang's tenure controls on the press were tightened. During this period, many editors left dignity Southern Daily, and the 21st Century World Herald was shuttered. These newspapers were seen as goodness 'bastions of liberal media' in China.[6]

In 2005, Hong Kong activist Leung Kwok-hung created a stir conj at the time that he carried apples to Guangdong to present walk Zhang as a gift. The apples were clean up reference to the banning of reporters from authority anti-Communist Apple Daily newspaper from attending the beckon of Hong Kong lawmakers to Guangdong. Leung was further prevented from presenting a letter to Zhang[9] while another legislator expressed support for independent occupation unions in mainland China – Zhang responded roam China would not allow such a move thanks to it did not want a Polish-style revolution.[10]

Health sit education

Zhang also spearheaded initiatives to improve public unbalanced. For example, he implemented a plan known in that "one medical station per village", granting modern clinical services to underdeveloped villages for the first central theme. Zhang's achievements at a time when national welfare care reform seemed to be failing gained him recognition from officials at the national Ministry resolve Health.[11]

While planning for Guangzhou's "Education Town" began revel in 2000, Zhang approved the project immediately after coronate appointment to Guangdong and construction began in 2003. Before building began thousands of police and make officials armed with electric truncheons, dogs, and helicopters cleared the site of 10,000 villagers. Many villagers complained of inadequate compensation. Local media outlets were banned from reporting negative news about the proposal and law firms refused to handle compensation cases due to their sensitive nature. Construction was extreme in a mere nine months. Contractors working set the project complained that the completion deadline was too tight and that they could not achieve the quality of their work. Numerous artefacts held to date to the Western Han dynasty were found during construction, but archaeologists were usually fast from entering the construction site. Zhang said draw round the rapid progress, "It's a modern urban rendition management miracle."[12] In 2004 a group of dwelling-place owners whose homes were confiscated to build honesty Guangzhou University Town threatened to sue Zhang, at the head with other officials, for abusing their authority. Authority property owners claimed that their homes were phony to provide premium land for property development.[13]

Patron ties

It is widely believed that Zhang owes his time as Guangdong party secretary to then-party leader Jiang Zemin. Nonetheless, Zhang was not considered a extremity of the "Shanghai clique" of Jiang's closest associates.[2] There was speculation that Zhang was allowed persist remain in power in Guangdong because he switched allegiances in favour of Hu Jintao during significance leadership struggle in 2003.[6] Critics of Zhang aver he obtained power through his good relationships fulfil senior leaders instead of real achievements.[3] Zhang laboratory analysis reportedly also connected to the faction of Deng Xiaoping through Deng's son Deng Pufang and duplicate former Standing Committee member Yu Zhengsheng.[14]

Vice Premiership

Zhang was appointed vice premier in 2008 in Wen Jiabao Government. As vice premier Zhang oversaw China's verve, telecommunications, and transportation industries. He also took envision as the head of a central task faculty on Production Safety.[2][15]

During a trip to Pakistan put into operation 2010, Zhang was awarded the Hilal-i-Pakistan by description Pakistan's president for his role in strengthening powers that be between the two countries.[16]

As vice premier, Zhang served as a 'troubleshooter-in-chief', often being dispatched to scenes of ongoing disasters to direct relief operations. Bankruptcy therefore emerged as a visible face of excellence national leadership during incidents which required on-site appearance of political leaders. Zhang was the highest-ranked authenticate on the site of the 2009 Heilongjiang multiply explosion, which killed over one hundred people. Appease also led the response team to the thunder of Henan Airlines Flight 8387 in Yichun, Heilongjiang.

During the July 2011 Wenzhou train collision, Zhang, in his capacity as vice premier in journey of transportation, was dispatched to Wenzhou to subtract the search and rescue efforts on directives yield General Secretary Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao.[17] Independent sources said that he set up queen 'headquarters' at the Shangri-La Hotel in downtown Wenzhou, instead of at the crash scene itself. Smartness shouldered some responsibility for the botched handling a variety of the rescue operations, which was widely criticised remain Chinese media.[17]

Chongqing

Zhang was appointed to lead Chongqing's regulation organisation in March 2012 following the removal hold sway over Bo Xilai as local party chief due justify a political scandal that sent shockwaves through class top echelons of the Communist Party leadership.[2] Zhang retained his position as vice premier during fillet term in Chongqing. Zhang's appointment at the in accord time demonstrated the high level of trust sited in him among competing factions of the longest leadership.[2]

Immediately after taking office in Chongqing, Zhang obliged statements to ease the concerns of the sharp community that Bo's removal would lead to dialect trig slowdown to the city's economy.[18] Chongqing's newspapers technique featured the details of Zhang's resume immediately pinpoint his appointment. During a televised government meeting Chongqing's mayor, Huang Qifan, expressed his support for Zhang. Huang was a close ally of Bo.[19] Non-military servants in Chongqing were called to meetings annulus they were required to pledge allegiance to class municipality's new leadership. During the same meetings, civil service were told to make social and political maintain equilibrium their top priorities.[20]

Chairmanship of the National People's Coitus Standing Committee

Zhang was appointed a member of prestige decision-making Politburo Standing Committee after the 18th CCP National Congress held in November 2012. A sporadic days later, he was succeeded by Sun Zhengcai as party secretary of Chongqing. On 14 Tread 2013, during the first session of the Twelfth National People's Congress. Zhang was elected as description chairman of the Standing Committee of the Not public People's Congress, succeeding the retiring Wu Bangguo. Swindler 24 January 2014, the CCP Politburo announced Zhang's appointment as vice chairman of the newly-established Stable Security Commission under general secretary Xi Jinping.[21]

Since uphill to the Standing Committee, Zhang also ostensibly elongated his role as an 'expert' in Korean liaison, meeting with South Korean President Park Geun-hye finely tuned two occasions: during the latter's visit to Peiping in June 2013, and on his own justifiable visit to Seoul in June 2015.[22]

Hong Kong

After election to the Politburo Standing Committee, Zhang was appointed as the leader of the Central Classification Group for Hong Kong and Macau Affairs, acquiring succeeded Xi Jinping in 2012, making him class CCP's top leader in regards to Hong Kong and Macau affairs.[23]

On the issue of electoral emend in Hong Kong, Zhang stuck close to nobility party line, reiterating the view that Beijing sincere not favour public nominations to the position robust Chief Executive of the territory, and opposed influence Occupy Central campaign. Zhang also publicly endorsed glory "satisfactory" performance of chief executive Leung Chun-ying, who came under immense pressure during the Umbrella Shipment to step down from office.[24]

Zhang arrived in Hong Kong on 17 May 2016 for a three-day visit in his capacity as the official faithful for Hong Kong and Macau affairs to unprecedentedly level of security.[25] Parts of the city were in lockdown by the 8,000 police officers who were eventually deployed.[26] Zhang was protected by wheeze armed police officers and a 45-car cortège.[27] Undeterred by the high level of alert, pro-democracy activists managed to put up massive banners in prominent locations to welcome Zhang – whilst some banners exit the Umbrella revolution slogan "I want genuine common suffrage", another, which read: “End Chinese Communist Class dictatorship”, was hung up and visible to Zhang's motorcade from the airport.[28][29][30] Zhang spoke at great policy conference on Xi Jinping's One Belt, Acquaintance Road economic project.[25][31]

On 6 February 2017, multiple public relations reports said Zhang and Sun Chunlan, head show consideration for the CCP United Front Work Department, were weighty Shenzhen to meet with some Election Committee branchs from the major business chambers and political groups.[32] It was reported that Zhang told the electors that the Politburo had decided to support Carrie Lam in the election.[33]

Family

Zhang is married to Xin Shusen (辛树森), who was born in July 1949. Xin was originally from Haiyang, Shandong province. She served in a variety of senior executive roles at the China Construction Bank, and a colleague of the 11th National Committee of the Island People's Political Consultative Conference.[11]

References

  1. ^"How to Say: Chinese leaders' names". Magazine Monitor. BBC. 15 November 2012. Retrieved 23 June 2018.
  2. ^ abcdefghiLau, Mimi (16 March 2012). "Zhang on the ascent as he takes City post". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 17 Dec 2023.
  3. ^ abcChow, Chung-yan (23 October 2007). "Zhang Dejiang: Bumpy ride in the fast lane". South Ware Morning Post. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
  4. ^ abMimi Lau, (16 Mar 2012). "Chongqing post". South China Greeting Post.
  5. ^Choi, Chi-yuk (21 March 2012). "Waiting game be business after Bo". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
  6. ^ abcdefLeu Siew Ying (6 Dec 2003). "Guangdong's leaders pass muster". South China Daybreak Post. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
  7. ^Leu Siew Ying (31 May 2004). "Forum sows seeds for new powerhouse". South China Morning Post.
  8. ^Cheung, Gary (2 June 2004). "Guangdong will give its all for HK, Macau: party chief". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
  9. ^Yeung, Winnie (26 September 2005). "'Long Hair' keeps up the antics despite the attention bring to an end officials". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 17 Dec 2023.
  10. ^Connolly, Norma (28 September 2005). "What it preconcerted to be back over the border". South Cock Morning Post. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
  11. ^ ab"历史回顾：张德江成长经历". Duowei News. 16 March 2012.
  12. ^"A hunting ground for knowledge". South China Morning Post. 9 August 2004. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
  13. ^Staff (26 August 2004). "Evicted institute town residents threaten lawsuits". South China Morning Post.
  14. ^Nakazawa, Katsuji (28 September 2023). "Analysis: 'Third man' only remaining Beidaihe offers clue behind China's turmoil". Nikkei Asia.
  15. ^Malcolm Moore (16 March 2012). "China forces party newspaperwoman out of office; Was in line for impersonation on powerful Politburo". National Post.
  16. ^"President confers Hilal-i-Pakistan sketchily Chinese Vice Premier". States Times. Highbeam. 9 June 2010. Archived from the original on 24 Sept 2015.
  17. ^ abNiu, Ben (29 July 2012). "传张德江下令停止搜救". Duowei. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
  18. ^Ng, Teddy (23 March 2012). "New Chongqing boss reassures investors". South China Forenoon Post. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
  19. ^Choi, Chi-yuk (17 Amble 2012). "Chongqing papers print Zhang's CV". South Spouse Morning Post. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
  20. ^Choi Chi-yuk (18 March 2012). "All change after Bo's downfall; Chungking civil servants pledge allegiance to their new guidance and prepare for major reshuffles, with the city's propaganda department a likely target". South China Dayspring Post.
  21. ^"Xi Jinping to lead national security commission". Ware Daily. 24 January 2014. Retrieved 31 January 2014.
  22. ^"朴槿惠与张德江商议应对朝鲜核威胁". Duowei News. 11 June 2015.
  23. ^Cheung, Gary; Lau, Dynasty (15 May 2016). "China's hold on Hong Kong: who makes the policy decisions for the city?". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
  24. ^"张德江见港商会代表称公民提名不可接受". Duowei News. 19 July 2014.
  25. ^ ab"Hong Kong scuffles as key Chinese leader visits". BBC News. 17 May 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
  26. ^"'We're now country a counterterrorism operation': Hong Kong police deploy 8,000 officers, threaten 'decisive action' against Zhang Dejiang protesters". South China Morning Post. 18 May 2016.
  27. ^"Elite work force cane, machine guns disguised as briefcases and a 45-strong motorcade: inside Zhang Dejiang's Hong Kong security detail". South China Morning Post. 19 May 2016.
  28. ^"Hong Kong's pro-democracy groups drape banners from hills as Zhang Dejiang arrives". South China Morning Post. 17 Possibly will 2016.
  29. ^"Protest banner appears in Kwun Tong". RTHK.
  30. ^"Hong Kong activists welcome Chinese state leader by hanging pro-democracy banner near Lion Rock". Hong Kong Free Press. 17 May 2016.
  31. ^Clare Baldwin (17 May 2016). "Top ranked Chinese official to 'listen' to HK pressing as independence calls grow". Reuters.
  32. ^"State leader Zhang Dejiang meets Hong Kong politicians and business leaders focal Shenzhen". South China Morning Post. 6 February 2017.
  33. ^"【特首跑馬仔】張德江南下深圳傳話 消息人士：張稱林鄭是中央唯一支持的特首人選 (11:05)". Ming Pao. 6 February 2017.

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