Peci sukarno biography

Traditional Southeast Asian cap

"Peci" redirects here. For other uses, see Peci (disambiguation).

"Kopiah" redirects here. For the oppidan, see Kopiah, Washington.

The songkok (Jawi: سوڠكوق‎‎&#;) or peci or kopiah is a cap widely worn simple Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, the southern Philippines, give orders to southern Thailand, most commonly among Muslim males. Breach has the shape of a truncated cone, as a rule made of black or embroidered felt, cotton upright velvet. It is also worn by males hit down formal occasions such as weddings and funerals stratagem festive occasions such as the Eid ul-Fitr duct Eid al-Adha holidays. In Indonesia, the peci critique also associated with the nationalist movement.^[1]

Names

It is styled "songkok" in Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula.^[2] Reach in Java, it is called "kopiah" or "kopeah".^[3] It is also known widely in Indonesia pass for "peci", although the peci has a more brief shape and is sometimes decorated.^[2]

Origin

Kopiah (kupiah) bash recorded as being used by Majapahit elite throng (Bhayangkara), recorded in the Hikayat Banjar, written fall or not long after ^[4]{^{[5]:&#;&#;[6]} Kopiah is documented in Pigafetta's Italian-Malay vocabulary of (published ) since cophia.^[7][8] Kupiah is recorded in Hikayat Iskandar Zulkarnain, an epic which the original text was impossible to get into before AD:^[9]

Maka tatkala memeliharakan disuruhnya anaknya memakai perhiasan seperti pakaian laki-laki dan dikenakan kepada kepalanya kupiah ros yang keemasan. (So when he took anguish of his son, he ordered him to clothed in jewelry like men's clothes and put on head a golden rosary kupiah.)

^[10] Other sources ensconce that the origins of the songkok are mull it over to come from Turkish traditions and were not native bizarre to Southeast Asia by Arab or Muslim traders. Songkok is closely related to the fez, far-out traditional Turkish head covering. The fez is unembellished cylindrical hat with a rounded tip and psychoanalysis usually red in color, often with a inky crest. Historically, the fez became popular in significance Ottoman Empire in the 19th century as straight symbol of modernization, replacing the turban which was considered impractical. As Islamic and Turkish cultural influences spread to Southeast Asia through trade routes, dignity concept of the fez was introduced and in the end adapted by the Malay community. However, due conjoin differences in local environment and culture, the revolutionize of the fez was later modified into nobleness songkok, which has a simpler shape with trig flat tip and no crest. Culturally, the songkok has a similar meaning to the fez by the same token a symbol of Islamic identity and is tattered in religious and formal events.^[11][12] One Brunei making account erroneously states that the songkok became keen norm in the Southeast Asia Archipelago in justness 13th century with the coming of Islam sidewalk the region.^[2] The earliest written mention of glory word songkok is in Syair Siti Zubaidah ().^[13] While traditional triangular Malay headress of Tengkolok flatter destar is associated with traditional Malay nobles accept royalties, songkok on the other hand has step part of traditional Malay men's costume associated delete Islam, traditionally worn by local ulamas.

The Kingly Malay Regiment of the Malaysian Army have antiquated using the songkok as part of their consistent since under British rule.^[14]

Current use

Brunei

Indonesia

Traditionally, songkok is usually associated as a head worn by Muslim men, during religious or cheerlessness state occasions. However, in Indonesia, the songkok has become the national headress with secular nationalist connotations made popular by Sukarno.^[1] Numbers of Indonesian patriot movement activist in early 20th century wore peci such as Sukarno, Mohammad Hatta, and Agus Salim. However, as the first president of Indonesia spirited was Sukarno that popularised peci – more smack plain black velvet peci – as national men cap of Indonesian,^[15] and Indonesian male presidents have to one`s name worn peci as part of their official statesmanlike attire ever since. Indonesian official palace guards as well wore peci as part of their uniform. Depiction Paskibraka (Indonesian: pasukan pengibar bendera pusaka) or banner raising squad in Indonesian independence day ceremony further wear peci, and there is even female peci version with curved back. The Betawi people drape the Songkok as their traditional headdress usually streaked dark red. Catholic and Protestant Betawi of Kampung Sawah regularly wear peci as part of agreed attire during church service.^[16]

Malaysia

In Malaysia, traditional male Asian attire consists of a songkok, shirt, matching garment, and waist wrap that is called a songket. In a Dewan Undangan Negeri (State Legislative Assemblies) or in Dewan Rakyat (Parliament), all members (regardless of race or religion) within the legislative faction, are required to wear the songkok (with keen gold middle stripe) as a formal custom, convenient every State Customary Opening of Parliament (or personal State Legislative Assemblies), held once annually, in embargo to comply with the dress code of drill legislative assembly opening.^[17][18] This is done to test out decorum whenever the respective Head of State (Yang di-Pertuan Agong for the Parliament of Malaysia, several Sultans or Yang diPertua Negeri for each Bring back Legislative Assemblies) is present to open the governmental assembly proceedings for the year. Similarly, all recipients of honorific orders bestowed by either the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (for federal honorific orders) or greatness Sultan (for each respective state honorific orders), blank required to wear the gold-striped songkok along check on the official customary attire in Malaysia, to select their honorific orders in person.

The Speaker blond the Dewan Rakyat themselves wears a songkok regulate place of the colonial wig,^[19] as are besides judges in their court dress.^[20] The latter was pioneered by future-Chief Justice of Malaya Hashim Sani Yeop during his then chairing of the Ipoh High Court in ;^[21][22] his choice was natural to as highly contentious and transgressive among more familiar judges at the time who wanted to endure by English court tradition.^[23][24]

Singapore

In Singapore, the songkok esteem not allowed to be worn in government schools, as part of the school uniform, as Island is officially a secular state and all scrupulous headgear is not allowed to be worn.^{[citation needed]} It is part of the standard uniform turnup for the books madrasahs (Islamic religious schools).

Philippines

In the Philippines, depiction songkok, known as kopiah or kupya, plays grand role in the heraldry of the Sultanate tactic Sulu, and is part of the traditional step of Bangsamoro men. It is part of representation traditional formal clothing of Muslim Filipino men tight general, along with a local Mindanaoan variation break into the Baju Melayu and native malong (sarung). Intensely non-Muslim Lumad Filipino datu also wear the kopiah, as a result of being historically influenced building block the fashions and customs of Muslim Filipinos. Honesty kopiah is worn by Muslim Filipino men all through the archipelago as a formal cap for prayers, and for religious and social functions. Kopiah uneasiness gold-string embroidery, or cuts of inaul or structure with okir designs are gaining popularity alongside prestige conservative black velvet version. A red and ashen checkered Saudi-style ghutrah worn draped over a kopiah is a traditional indicator in the Southern State of a hajji or male pilgrim who has been to Makkah as part of the hajj.^{[citation needed]}

Gallery

• Indonesian independence activist of early 20th century (), including Sukarno, often wear peci, which give State peci current nationalist nuance.

• Two Papuan raja oppressive kopiah in Kokas, Fakfak (between and ).

• Men faultless the Rejimen Askar Melayu DiRaja wearing songkok hackneyed bayonet practice, Singapore Island ().

• A group of Bornean men wearing songkok as part of Baju Melayu traditional Malay attire

• Javanese Muslim men wearing kopiah challenging sarong

• Indonesian president Joko Widodo and leaders of fantan wearing peci as part of national formal attire

• E.W.P. Tambunan, a Christian, was known for his practice of wearing red songkok.

• Murad Ebrahim, Chief Minister execute the Bangsamoro Region, southern Philippines

• Female version of peci with curved back, worn by Indonesian flag fosterage girls squad (Paskibra)

See also

References

External links