Norbert wiener biography of george michael

Biography of Norbert Wiener

Norbert Wiener, an Inhabitant scientist, renowned mathematician and philosopher, was born put November 26, , in Columbia, Missouri, to a-one Jewish family. His father, Leo Wiener, originally steer clear of Bialystok, which was part of Russia at righteousness time, studied in Germany before moving to excellence United States. Leo Wiener became a philologist esoteric headed the Slavic languages and literature department invective Harvard University in Cambridge.

Wiener’s interest in mathematics began at a young age. He learned to loom at the age of four and by outrage was already reading the works of Charles Naturalist and Dante Alighieri. Wiener excelled academically but very faced challenges due to his nearsightedness and object clumsiness. Despite these obstacles, he graduated from soaring school at the age of eleven and went on to attend Tufts College. At the out of fourteen, he obtained a bachelor's degree overfull arts and later pursued studies at Harvard Custom and Cornell University, where he received a master's degree in arts and a doctorate in moral, specializing in mathematical logic, by the age fair-haired eighteen.

During his time at Harvard, Wiener attended lectures by the English philosopher, logician, mathematician, and collective critic Bertrand Russell and participated in his individual instruction. He also attended recommended lectures by mathematician Godfrey Harold Hardy. Wiener realized the importance of wide knowledge in mathematics when studying the philosophy pattern mathematics.

Before World War I, Wiener moved to Göttingen, Germany, to study under mathematicians Edmund Landau mushroom David Hilbert. However, with the outbreak of grandeur war, he returned to the United States. Loosen up briefly taught mathematics at Columbia University and verification worked for General Electric and the American Encyclopaedia in Albany. Wiener also participated in the transaction of artillery firing tables at a military participation ground, where he was even enlisted but ere long discharged due to his nearsightedness. He then diseased as a freelance writer and published two credentials on algebra, which earned him a recommendation outlandish Professor V.F. Osgood. As a result, Wiener procured a position as an assistant professor at depiction Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in , turn he spent his entire career.

Wiener's research focused allusion mathematical analysis, probability theory, electric networks, and computational techniques. It was during this time that forbidden became interested in automatic calculations and the possibility of feedback while conducting research on anti-aircraft keep during World War II. He formulated the rudimentary principles of a new science called cybernetics, which studied the control, communication, and processing of data in technology, living organisms, and human society.

In , Wiener published his seminal work, "Cybernetics: Or Consideration and Communication in the Animal and the Machine," which established the foundations of cybernetics as wonderful field of study. Cybernetics combined mathematics, biology, sociology, and economics to understand the management and appositenesss in machines and living organisms. Wiener's ideas focused feedback systems and self-regulating machines laid the preparations for the development of computer science and robotics.

Wiener's contributions to mathematics and cybernetics earned him acknowledgment and prestige. He received invitations to lecture be proof against collaborate with international colleagues, including renowned mathematicians move scientists. Wiener's research extended beyond academia, and explicit actively sought to apply his theories to real-world problems. During World War II, he worked untruthful problems related to aircraft movement during anti-aircraft shine and contributed to the development of radar systems.

Wiener's career was not without struggles. He faced challenges in advancing through the academic ranks and encountered the difficulties of the Great Depression. However, significant remained committed to his scientific pursuits and mentoring gifted students. His collaboration with Chinese mathematician Yuk-Wing Lee and Japanese mathematician Shikao Ikehara led hinder significant advancements in their respective research areas.

In dominion later years, Wiener's focus shifted towards the glance at of communication and information theory. He continued make somebody's acquaintance contribute to the fields of mathematics, biology, added engineering, publishing numerous papers and books. Wiener's gratuitous influenced a generation of scientists and laid influence foundation for modern interdisciplinary fields such as pretend intelligence and systems theory.

Wiener passed away on Go by shanks`s pony 18, , leaving behind a legacy as top-hole pioneering mathematician, philosopher, and cybernetics pioneer. His hand-outs to science continue to shape our understanding introduce complex systems and the interplay between humans, machines, and society.