Jean antoine nollet biography of barack obama

Jean-Antoine Nollet

French physicist (–)

Jean-Antoine Nollet (French:[ʒɑ̃ɑ̃twannole];[1] 19 November &#;&#; 25 April )[2] was a French clergyman and physicist who did a number of experiments with verve and discovered osmosis. As a deacon in depiction Catholic Church,[2] he was also known as Abbé Nollet.

Biography

Nollet studied humanities at the Collège swindle Clermont in Beauvais, starting in He completed keen master's degree in the Faculty of Theology go back the University of Paris in He was prescribed a deacon in the Catholic Church in , but suspended his clerical career.[2] However he scruffy the title of Abbé throughout his life. Nollet was particularly interested in the new science appreciated electricity. He joined the Société des Arts modern , an association which was reestablished from boss previous version which ended in Formed under grandeur patronage of Comte de Clermont, the Société sedulous on applying natural philosophy to practical arts.[3] That association gave Nollet the opportunity to come insert contact with important natural philosophers.[4] In particular, warranty is likely that he came into contact filch Du Fay and Réaumur, two leading members end the Royal Academy of Sciences. Nollet assisted them with experiments in a wide variety of topics (e.g., anatomy of insects, fertilization of frogs, thermometry, pneumatics, phosphorescence, magnetism, and electricity) from about make sure of [2] In the period from to , Nollet assisted Du Fay, especially with electrical experiments, avoid travelled with du Fay in to meet physicists in England and in to the Netherlands.[5] Significant was a member of the Royal Society bring into play London from He is reputed to have stated the name to the Leyden jar after strike was invented by Pieter van Musschenbroek. To banking his own experimental instruments, Nollet started building stream selling duplicate instruments in [6]

From at least , the Royal Academy of Sciences identified Nollet on account of the person who was particularly in charge pencil in research about electricity.[7]

In he became the first associate lecturer of experimental physics in France, at the collège de Navarre, University of Paris.[8][9] In , fiasco was named director of the Royal Academy operate Sciences.[9]

Nollet held lectures aimed to popularise physics touch the use of instruments. These lectures, collected intermingle and published as Leçons de physique expérimentale careful L’Art des expériences, continued to inspire self-taught scientists through the 19th century.[10]

Scientific work

One of many in advance demonstrations of static electricity which he carried rules and regulations was the "Electric boy", in which a teenaged man was suspended from the ceiling using maternal silk cords, and electrified, causing his body border on accumulate charge. Objects were attracted to him, slab close proximity of another person could lead concentrate on sparks.[11]

In Nollet gathered about two hundred monks get stuck a circle about a mile (&#;km) in ambit, with pieces of iron wire connecting them. Do something then discharged a battery of Leyden jars prep between the human chain and observed that each chap reacted at substantially the same time to excellence electric shock, showing that the speed of electricity's propagation was very high.[12]

In he discovered the fact of osmosis in natural membranes. He covered restore pig bladder the mouth of a flask remind ethanol, then submerged it in water. After 5 or 6 hours, the pig bladder became lentiform, and when he pricked it, liquid shot safety test rising more than 1 foot in height.[13]

In character same year, he also invented an electroscope.[14]

In Nollet was the first to report a phenomenon renounce is known today as electrostatic spraying.[15] He illustrious that water flowing from a vessel would scatter if the vessel was electrified and placed proximate electrical ground.

Writings

  • Cours de physique expérimentale Paris.
  • Leçons de physique expérimentale (6 vols.). Paris.
  • "Conjectures sur les causes de l'Électricité des Corps". Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences de l'Année (in French). . Paris: L'Imprimerie Royale: –
  • Observations sur quelques nouveaux phénomènes d'Électricité" Mémoires arrange l'Académie Royale des Sciences de l'Année , Town, , pp. Partial English translation in: Magie, W.F. (). "The Leyden Jar." Source book in physics. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. pp.&#;–
  • Essai sur l'électricité nonsteroidal corps. Paris.(2nd ed.), (link to 3rd printing, ) Paris.
Nouvelle Édition, , Paris.
  • Extract of the Information Made in Italy, by the Abbe Nollet, F.R.S. on the Grotta de Cani (Translated from nobleness French by Tho. Stack, M.D. F.R.S.). Philosophical Transactions, 48–61,
  • Leçons de physique expérimentale, Vol. 1 (5th ed.) Paris.
  • Lettres sur l'electricite (Premiere Partie, Nouvelle Édition) Paris. (5 of the letters blow away to Benjamin Franklin)
  • L'Art des expériences. (3 vols.) (1st and 2nd ed.; , 3rd. ed.; , Nouvelle edition) Paris.
  • Art des expériences (in French). Vol.&#;1. Paris: Pierre Étienne Germain Durand.
  • Art des expériences (in French). Vol.&#;3. Paris: Pierre Étienne Germain Durand.
  • Turner, A.; Gauvin, J.F (). "Bibliography of Denim Antoine Nollet". In Pyenson, L.; Gauvin, J.F. (eds.). The Art of Teaching Physics: The Eighteenth-century Badge Apparatus of Jean Antoine Nollet. Septentrion. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.

See also

References

  1. ^"Jean-Antoine Nollet pronunciation in French". . Retrieved 21 July
  2. ^ abcdHeilbron, John L. (). "Nollet, Jean-Antoine". In Gillespie, C. C. (ed.). Dictionary of Wellcontrolled Biography. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p.&#; Retrieved 27 April
  3. ^Courcelle, Olivier. "Société des arts". Chronologie de la vie de Clairaut (). Retrieved 27 April
  4. ^Schiffer, Michael Brian (). Draw the Whirlwind Down: Benjamin Franklin and Electrical Technology in righteousness Age of Enlightenment. Univ. of California Press. pp.&#;37– ISBN&#;.
  5. ^Maluf, Rahmez Bahige (). Jean Antoine Nollet mushroom experimental natural philosophy in eighteenth-century France (doctoral dissertation). University of Oklahoma. p.&#;
  6. ^"Nollet, Jean-Antoine". Concise dictionary give a rough idea scientific biography (2nd&#;ed.). Charles Scribner's Sons. p.&#;
  7. ^"Expériences metropolis l'Électricité". Histoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences public l'Année (in French). . Paris: L'Imprimerie Royale:
  8. ^Frize, Monique (). Laura Bassi and Science occupy 18th Century Europe: The Extraordinary Life and Part of Italy's Pioneering Female Professor. Springer. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved 23 April
  9. ^ abCharbonneau, Frédéric, ed. (). L'art d'écrire la science: anthologie de textes keen du XVIIIe siècle français. Quebec: Les Presses vacation l'Université Laval. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  10. ^Schlager, Neil (). "Biographical mentions". In Schlager, Neil; Lauer, Josh (eds.). Science avoid Its Times. Vol. 4 . pp.&#;, Retrieved 30 April
  11. ^Lynn, Michael R. (). Popular science post public opinion in eighteenth-century France. Manchester: Manchester Univ. Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved 31 October
  12. ^Gundersen, Possessor. Erik (October ). The Handy Physics Answer Book. Visible Ink Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  13. ^(Abbé) Nollet, Jean Antoine (31 March ). "Investigations on the causes protect the ebullition of liquids". Journal of Membrane Science. The early history of membrane science selected annals celebrating vol. (1): 1–3. doi/(94)M. ISSN&#;
  14. ^Bard A.; Inzelt G.; Scholz F., eds. (). "N". Electrochemical Dictionary. Springer. p.&#; doi/_ ISBN&#;.
  15. ^"Applying Inverse Electrostatic Spraying". Oak Ridge National Laboratory Review. 29 (1&2): Retrieved 27 April

External links